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Therapy Vinorelbine Vinorelbine cisplatin Gemcitabine Gemcitabine cisplatin Irinotecan Irinotecan cisplatin No. of Patients 621 328 572 not reported.
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Memorial sloan-kettering cancer center conducted a prospective, randomized study of adjuvant radiation with or without vindesine and cisplatin in stage iii t1-3n2m0 ; nsclc patients.
Mechanisms against xenobiotics that are substrates of both systems. Whether 14C in feces was bound to intact or metabolized erythromycin by pathways alternative to CYP3A4-mediated demethylation of the label ; could not be determined, neither can it be stated that hepatic and intestinal excretory activity can be fully separated. Further validation using bile-derivation techniques could clarify this topic. Anyhow, the differences in kinetics between the iv vs. po EUT test results are at least compatible with a hepatic and an intestinal part of PGP activity. Second, almost 100% of the tracer was collected after both po and iv administration po: breath 0.6% urine 3% feces 96% 99.6%; iv: breath 6% urine 13% feces 80% 99% ; , and no significant correlations were demonstrated between any of the iv and po measured and calculated parameters. This suggests different ongoing processes hepatic vs. intestinal ; . Third, the early 14C peak and decline of activity after 4 h in the breath tests vs. only a gradual decline of 14C.
1. Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T, et al: Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J Clin 54: 8-29, 2004 Winton T, Livingston R, Johnson D, et al: Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs observation in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 352: 25892597, 2005 Gandara D, Chansky K, Albain K, et al: Consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: Phase II Southwest Oncology Group study S9504. J Clin Oncol 21: 2004-2010, 2003 Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials--Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group. BMJ 311: 899-909, 1995 Shepherd FA, Dancey J, Ramlau R, et al: Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 18: 2095-2103, 2000 Fossella FV, DeVore R, Kerr RN, et al: Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel versus vinorelbine or ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-smallcell lung cancer previously treated with platinumcontaining chemotherapy regimens: The TAX 320 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 18: 2354-2362, 2000 Shepherd FA, Dancey J, Ramlau R, et al: Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol: Classic Papers and Current Comments 6: 87-96, 2001 Fukuoka M, Yano S, Giaccone G, et al: Multiinstitutional randomized phase II trial of gefitinib for previously treated patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer The IDEAL 1 Trial ; . J Clin Oncol 21: 2237-2246, 2003 Kris MG, Natale RB, Herbst RS, et al: Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized trial. JAMA 290: 2149-2158, 2003 Perez-Soler R, Chachoua A, Hammond LA, et al: Determinants of tumor response and survival.
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The study compared the efficacy and safety of xeloda and cisplatin xp ; with intravenous 5-fu and cisplatin fp ; : fp standard treatment of gastric cancer, and is accepted by the majority of regulatory agencies as one of the reference regimens against which all other regimens should be compared.
Fifty-seven 50% ; of the 113 prepriming patients achieved CR compared with 93 38% ; of 235 patients who also participated in the priming randomization P .03 ; Table 4 ; . There was no difference in presenting features, such as WBC count, among the 2 groups of patients. The only difference between the 2 groups is the delay from diagnosis to induction therapy in the group who entered the priming randomization. Among the 113 patients who were treated before priming, therapy could be initiated immediately upon randomization as there was no blinded component. Following the second priming randomization, the need to obtain blinded study medication, often with an intervening weekend and the inherent delay due to the 48-hour administration of priming therapy, frequently led to a delay of 4 to days in the initiation of the induction therapy compared with the group receiving this same therapy prior to the priming randomization. Thus, the mean time between randomization in the priming study and initiation of chemotherapy was 83 hours and cladribine.
Purdue University zcai math.purdue JaEun Ku Purdue University jku math.purdue MS86 Least-Squares Methods for Interface and Mesh Tying Problems In the finite element method, a standard approach to mesh tying is to apply Lagrange multipliers. However, if the adjoining surfaces do not coincide spatially, straightforward Lagrange multiplier methods lead to discrete formulations failing a first-order patch test. A least-squares method is presented here for mesh tying in the presence of gaps and overlaps. The least-squares formulation for transmission problems is extended to settings where subdomain boundaries are not spatially coincident. The new method is consistent in the sense that it recovers exactly global polynomial solutions that are in the finite element space. As a result, the least-squares mesh tying method passes a patch test of the order of the finite element space by construction. This attractive computational property is illustrated by numerical experiments. Pavel Bochev Sandia National Laboratories Computational Math and Algorithms pbboche sandia.gov David Day Sandia National Laboratories dmday sandia.gov MS86 First-Order System Least Squares FEM Approach for Solving Maxwells Equations in Deforming Media Deformation of solid media brings the matter flow field and the Cauchy-Green and Piola strain tensors into the electromagnetic constitutive laws, which renders Maxwell's equations hyperbolic with variable coefficients. A numerical solution of the time-diecretized Maxwells equations is deforming solid media based on a first-order system leastsquares FOSLS ; variational formalism will be presented. Anter El-Azab Florida State University School of Computational Science & Mechanical Engineering Dep anter eng.fsu MS86 First-Order System Ll * fosll * ; for Maxwell's Equations in 3D with Edge Singularities. The L2 norm version of firstorder system least squares FOSLS ; attempts to reformulate a given system of partial differential equations so that applying a leastsquares principle yields a functional whose bilinear part is H 1 elliptic. This means that the minimization process amounts to solving a loosely coupled system of elliptic scalar equations. An unfortunate limitation of the L2 norm FOSLS approach is that this product H 1 equivalence generally requires sufficient smoothness of the original problem. Inversenorm.
JACC Vol. 41, No. 10, 2003 May 21, 2003: 1797804 Table 2. Baseline Characteristics of Patients According to the Clinical Profile and clofarabine.
N PATIENTS with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM ; , unstable glycemia may be caused by slow gastric emptying, which renders the time of ingesta absorption unpredictable and the ensuing blood glucose levels unlikely to be matched by the administered insulin. Slow emptying, at least of liquid meal components, has been found to result in a slow increase in the blood glucose concentration over fasting levels 13 ; . On the other hand, abnormal gastric emptying may also result from high blood glucose levels, such as those encountered in patients with poor glycemic control. The latter is suggested by studies in healthy subjects as well as in patients with diabetes that showed that acute increases in blood glucose, even in the physiological range, slow gastric emptying 4 6 ; . Under the assumption that agents enhancing the delivery of ingesta from the stomach to the small intestine would facilitate and improve glycemic control, a series of investigations was carried out to evaluate their effects in patients with diabetes. Most of these studies.
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Sheldon E. Litwin, MD; Christine M. Litwin, MD; Thomas E. Raya, MD; Alberta L. Wamer, MD; . and Steven Goldman, MD . a Polypeptide Platelet GPIIb IIIa Receptor Antagonist, Enhances and Sustains Coronary Kistrin, Arterial Thrombolysis With Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in a Canine Preparation Tsunehiro Yasuda, MD; Herman K Gold, MD; Robert C. Leinbach, MD; Hiroyuki Yaoita, MD; John T. Fallon, MD, PhD; Luis Guerrero; Mary A. Napier, PhD; Stuart Bunting, PhD; and Desire Collen, MD, PhD Relative Efficacy of Antithrombin Compared With Antiplatelet Agents in Accelerating Coronary Thrombolysis and Preventing Early Reocclusion Ethan J. Haskel, MD; Nelson A. Prager, MD; Burton E. Sobel, MD; and Dana R Abendschein, PhD . Arginine Restores Cholinergic Relaxation of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Thoracic Aorta John P. Cooke, MD, PhD; Nancy A. Andon, BS; Xavier J. Girerd, MD; Alan T. Hirsch, MD; and Mark A. Creager, MD . Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs With Contractile Dysfunction Due to Experimental Volume Overload Blase A. Carabello, MD; Kiyoharu Nakano, MD; Kazuaki Ishihara, MD; Shigeo Kanazawa, MD, PhD; Robert W. W. Biederman, BS; and James F. Spann Jr., MD and clofibrate.
Chemotherapy in order to allow bone marrow progenitors to cease cell cycling. If febrile neutropenia occurs despite a one dose level reduction, then with subsequent cycles the patient will receive growth factors starting 24-48 hours after the completion of the subsequent cycle of chemotherapy and continuing until the ANC is 10, 000 l. At least two days should elapse between the last dose of growth factors and the initiation of another treatment cycle. If febrile neutropenia occurs despite the use of growth factors then with subsequent cycles the patient will receive a second dose reduction of paclitaxel. If a dose reduction below the lowest dose in Section 6.1 is required, a dose reduction of 20% may take place after consulting with the Study Chair. 8 30 04 ; Anemia Anemia is not an indication for dose reduction in any patient; however, a record of transfusions required should be detailed on the D2R Form. Erythropoietin may be utilized at the discretion of the treating physician in the event that patient's hemoglobin drops below 10 g dl while on therapy, and should be documented on the D2R Form. 1 26 04 ; 6.12 Dose Modification for Non-hematologic Toxicity Following a Cycle of Treatment 1 26 04 ; 6.121 Cisplatin 8 30 04 ; Toxicity Grade 0 1 2 Renal None None * * * Peripheral Neuropathy None None Decrease 2 levels Hold Hold Ototoxicity None None Decrease 2 levels Hold Hold GI None None None Other None None.
The protocols for the animal experiments described in this study were performed according to national rules on animal experiments and guidelines from the Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels. Histology was performed regularly to verify the placement of the microdialysis probes. This was especially critical for small brain nuclei such as the substantia nigra. At the end of the experiments, animals were sacrificed via an overdose of pentobarbital. Brains were surgically excised and fixed in 10% formalin. Paraffin sections and clorazepate.
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1. Einhorn LH: Testicular cancer as a model for a curable neoplasm: The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture. Cancer Res 41: 32753280, 1981 Nichols CR: Testicular cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 22: 187-274, 1998 de Wit R, Roberts JT, Wilkinson PM, et al: Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5-day schedule in good-prognosis germ cell cancer: A randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council. J Clin Oncol 19: 1629-1640, 2001 Huddart RA, Norman A, Shahidi M, et al: Cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of treatment for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 21: 1513-1523, 2003 Meinardi MT, Gietema JA, van der Graaf WT, et al: Cardiovascular morbidity in long-term survivors of metastatic testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 18: 1725-1732, 2000 Fossa SD, Aass N, Harvei S, et al: Increased mortality rates in young and middle-aged patients with malignant germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 90: 607-612, 2004 Zagars GK, Ballo MT, Lee AK, et al: Mortality after cure of testicular seminoma. J Clin Oncol 22: 640-647, 2004 Jones JM, Ribeiro GG: Mortality patterns over 34 years of breast cancer patients in a clinical trial of postoperative radiotherapy. Clin Radiol 40: 204-208, 1989 Cuzick J, Stewart H, Rutqvist L, et al: Causespecific mortality in long-term survivors of breast cancer who participated in trials of radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 12: 447-453, 1994 Rutqvist LE, Lax I, Fornander T, et al: Cardiovascular mortality in a randomized trial of adjuvant radiation therapy versus surgery alone in primary breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 22: 887896, 1992 Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group: Favourable and unfavourable effects on longterm survival of radiotherapy for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 355: 1757-1770, 2000 Hancock SL, Tucker MA, Hoppe RT: Factors affecting late mortality from heart disease after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. JAMA 270: 19491955, 1993 Lee CK, Aeppli D, Nierengarten ME: The need for long-term surveillance for patients treated with curative radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: University of Minnesota experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48: 169-179, 2000 Eriksson F, Gagliardi G, Liedberg A, et al: Long-term cardiac mortality following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease: Analysis with the relative seriality model. Radiother Oncol 55: 153-162, 2000.
J clin oncol 7: 1087-1092, 198 sandler ab, nemunaitis j, denham c, et al: phase iii trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non- small-cell lung cancer and codeine.
Ince the beginning of the 1990s there has been a considerable expansion in the use of intensive therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma.1 In 1994 the Nordic Myeloma Study Group started a study NMSG #5 94 ; whose primary aim was to evaluate, in a population-based setting, the impact of intensive therapy on survival in patients younger than 60 years with newly diagnosed, symptomatic myeloma. The survival in this group was compared to that of historic controls, derived from previous Nordic population-based studies. Inclusion was stopped in December 1997. A first report, comprising the 348 patients who were registered until June 1997, has been published.2 We here present the final results of the study of 397 registered patients with a median follow-up of 7 years. In this report we also analyze the pattern and management of relapse after transplantation and evaluate the effect on survival of both the relapse pattern and attaining complete response after transplantation and cisplatin.
Cardiopulmonary bypass, management of lungs during, 131 and Cardiovascular reflexes, controversial, 831 Carotid artery, ligation, effect on blood pressure, 73 Carotid bodies, hypoxic stimulation, 676 Catecholamines rialse bretylium, S3, 347 guanethidine, 83 Catheter, tip position and pulmonary wedge pressures, 215 Cattle high-altitude induced pulmonarv 172 normal, hemodynamics in, 366 Cerebral circulation angiography, 259 bilateral ligation, effect of, 73 drugs, action of, 259 hypervolemia, effects of, 767 Chlorpromazine, effects on homodynamics in normal cattle, 166 Chylomicrons, intravenously administered, disposal of, 786 Circulation velocity, ascending aorta, 77S Coronary circulation bradykinin, effects of, 359 enhancement of collateral flow, 142 embolization and reflexes, 722, 739 and shock, 746 flow after occlusion and surgery, 45 intereoronary reflexes, 709, 722, 739 nicotine, effect of, 27 Persantin, effects of, 35 reflexes and embolization, 722, 739 Coronary embolization with lycopodium spores, 712, 722, 739, i and reflexes, 709, 722, 739 and shock, 746 the Coronary heart disease, inhibition of hemagglutins by sera, 836 Creatine, content of heart, 333 viiccini.il hypertension and cogentin!
Some students with mild traumatic brain injuries, for example, may have problems months or even years later that may be just as disabling as those experienced by a student with more severe injuries Savage & Wolcott, 1995 ; . Therefore, it is crucial that the school nurse, classroom teachers, and family closely monitor the child's performance and alert the child's physician and or neuropsychologist, of any persistent problems. For students with more severe injuries, coordinated systems of care are necessary for the student's return to school. Merely passing the child from the medical to the educational system is not effective. It results in many students and their families falling into the "cracks" between the two systems. Developing communication protocols between health care facilities, school systems, and families is essential to avoid this breakdown in communication and services. Thus, the initial IEP should be a "joint venture" among the health care facility, the school, and the family. It can reflect the cognitive, psychosocial, and neuromotor needs of the student. By using a functionallybased and holistic approach, the student can become increasingly more involved at school, with the family, and community during recovery. A student's IEP can even involve vocational rehabilitation and community transition services by state and local agencies. This is important to insure continuity of services for the adolescent before and after graduation from high school.
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